This simplified image has three columns:
Transformations with research opportunities are marked with black ovals. They go from audio generation to visual processing e.g. speech to text or from audio generation to tactile processing e.g. speech to braille, which is trivial if we have speech to text transformation.
Some speech to text systems are already pretty good but they often need training, which requires everybody to use them and they can be often better integrated to support real time discussions.
Note: Cognitive processing is missing from this image to keep it simple. It would add next level of challenging transformations and research opportunities. Also the processing components could be divided into several subtypes to highlight more restrictions.